A reference architecture is a set of standards, best practices, and guidelines used as a reference for designing and implementing systems, particularly in the fields of software engineering, enterprise architecture, and information technology. It serves as a blueprint, model, or template that provides a common structure and language for projects.
Reference architectures can be used for simple projects, such as a small business local area network (LAN), or complex projects, such as the tech stack for a global e-commerce site.
Why Are Reference Architectures Useful?
As the complexity of enterprise technology increases, so does the importance of having reliable, readily available, and established methodologies and best practices for setting up IT systems—especially for organisations seeking agility, resilience, and continuity as they grow.
Benefits of Reference Architectures
Reference architectures can provide many benefits, including:
- Continuity: A reference architecture can serve as a single source of truth across organizational units through such events as scaling, geographic growth, and staff turnover. Reference architectures help standardize terms and unify an organisation’s IT architectural mindset and best practices.
- Agility: A reference architecture will accelerate new technology deployments for use cases such as opening new office locations, scaling for growth in customers or staff, launching new products, or building and upgrading DevOps capabilities.
- Resilience: Reference architectures can also serve as a single source of truth in the event of an incident that requires systems to be rebuilt. The best practices associated with developing reference architectures reduce risks associated with deploying new systems and processes.
- Knowledge management: As technology evolves, organisations struggle to organize and manage the information needed for internal support and professional development. Reference architectures dispense reliable and objective information.
Components of Reference Architectures
A reference architecture document can include models, diagrams, and other supporting documentation. For example, network diagrams and user path charts that show how elements are arranged and connected could be paired with a list of specified technology needed to produce the solution, such as hardware or cloud space.
A reference architecture could also have helpful extras such as a proposed timeline, a step-by-step guide, and a glossary of terms.
In addition, a precise statement of purpose and summary, outlining what is covered within, is an essential starting point for any reference architecture. Engineers need to know in detail what they’re going to find in a reference architecture, so they can decide if it suits their needs or if other reference architectures are needed to complete a larger objective. Reference architectures may also include:
- Details of the problem and intended objectives
- The relationships between elements of the reference architecture
- Protocols and standards
Tools for Creating Reference Architectures
Reference architectures are available for free from software and hardware vendors (Microsoft, Oracle), cloud providers (Amazon, Google), open source platforms and communities (Red Hat, GitLab), and educational and government institutions (University of Washington, Carnegie Mellon, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Department of Defense Architectural Framework).
For some organisations, a reference architecture they create themselves to include the particulars of their systems and objectives is a more useful way to codify architectures used successfully and consolidate and distribute essential information.
Conclusion
Reference architectures play a crucial role in standardizing and streamlining the design and implementation of complex systems, making them accessible and manageable for a wide range of users in various industries and domains.
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